Texas wildlife officials are urging residents to stay alert as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) continues to circulate among wild birds in the Amarillo and Lubbock regions. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) says the virus, which has now been detected in all 50 states and Puerto Rico, remains a serious threat to both wild and domestic bird populations.
HPAI is a highly contagious zoonotic virus—meaning it can infect humans—though the current risk to people remains low. The virus spreads easily among birds, both through direct contact and through contaminated environments. As waterfowl and other migratory species gather around shared food and water sources, the likelihood of transmission increases, especially near backyard flocks.
TPWD is asking the public to help slow the spread by avoiding unnecessary contact with wild birds and, in areas with higher detection rates, by refraining from feeding wildlife, including the use of backyard bird feeders. Officials also recommend hazing wildlife away from concentrated food and water sources to reduce congregation.
Residents are urged not to handle sick or dead wildlife and to keep pets away from any animals that appear ill. For pets that frequent parks, fields, or other wildlife‑heavy areas, TPWD advises ensuring vaccinations are current. Anyone who encounters a wild animal showing signs consistent with HPAI should contact their local TPWD wildlife biologist.
Understanding Avian Influenza
Avian influenza is caused by influenza type A viruses and is considered one of the most significant infectious threats to the poultry industry and wildlife health. Migratory waterfowl serve as a natural reservoir, carrying the virus as they move across wintering grounds.
There are many strains of avian influenza, grouped into two broad categories:
- Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI): typically causes mild illness and occurs naturally in migratory birds.
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI): spreads rapidly and has a high mortality rate in birds.
While birds are the primary hosts, several mammal species—including domestic cats, skunks, foxes, raccoons, bobcats, mountain lions, and black bears—are also susceptible. Wildlife rehabilitators are urged to use heightened caution, isolate animals showing clinical signs, and contact TPWD within 24 hours if HPAI is suspected in any intake .
Symptoms and Transmission
Birds infected with HPAI may show neurological symptoms such as stumbling, tremors, seizures, or unusual tameness. Other signs include coughing, sneezing, lethargy, or sudden death—though some infected birds show no outward symptoms at all.
The virus can spread through contact with infected birds, contaminated equipment, clothing, or shoes. In mammals, transmission most often occurs when they consume infected carcasses.
Though human infections remain rare, TPWD encourages basic precautions when contact with wild animals cannot be avoided. Anyone who develops symptoms after exposure to a suspected HPAI‑positive animal should notify their healthcare provider immediately.
Prevention at Home
TPWD currently recommends removing bird feeders in areas with higher detection numbers. For those who choose to keep feeders up, officials advise cleaning them—and any water sources—every two weeks using a solution of one part household bleach to nine parts water. Birdbath water should be changed every few days, and wet or spoiled seed should be discarded promptly .
Staying Informed
TPWD encourages Texans to remain aware of local wildlife conditions and to report unusual wildlife behavior. Additional guidance is available through federal and state partners, including the USDA, Texas Animal Health Commission, CDC, and the American Veterinary Medical Association.
